The human papillomavirus (HPV) epidemic has significantly increased over the past few decades, particularly affecting the throat area, also known as the oropharynx. Most throat and oropharyngeal cancers are now linked to chronic HPV infections. While only a small portion of all cancers of the mouth are directly associated with HPV, the Centers for Disease Control report that over 70 percent of oropharyngeal cancers (cancers developing in the middle part of the throat) in the U.S. are connected to this virus. In fact, HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is currently the fastest-growing type of head and neck cancer in the country.
HPV infection, especially with HPV type 16, is the most common cause of oropharyngeal cancer. This virus produces proteins that interfere with the genes controlling cell growth in the mouth and throat, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. The body often clears HPV infections on its own, but when it doesn’t, these infections can lead to cancer. The risk of developing cancer depends on the specific strain of HPV; for example, HPV 16 and HPV 18 are most commonly associated with head and neck cancers.
Vaccines have been developed to protect against high-risk HPV infections. These vaccines are given in three doses over six months and are approved for both males and females aged nine to 26. These vaccines prevent HPV infection but do not treat existing infections. Thus, vaccinating adults who have likely already been exposed to the virus may not provide cancer protection. By getting vaccinated, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing HPV-related cancers. Talk to your doctor about what is the best option for you.
Learn more about how we test for HPV here.
Why get vaccinated for HPV? Learn more here.
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