Certain factors may increase the chance of developing endometrial cancer, though these factors do not directly cause cancer. Some people with multiple risk factors never develop endometrial cancer while others who do not have any risk factors do develop endometrial cancer. Although some risk factors cannot be changed, such as a person’s family history, there are certain lifestyle changes that can help lower your risk such as weight loss. Risk factors include:
- Obesity
- Diet high in animal fat
- Personal or family history of endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, or Lynch syndrome) or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Type 2 diabetes
- Taking tamoxifen to prevent or treat breast cancer
- Starting monthly periods before the age of 12
- Late menopause
- Infertility or never having been pregnant
- Hormonal imbalance, specifically too much estrogen and not enough progesterone.
Learn more about risk factors.
Symptoms
Approximately 90% of women with endometrial cancer experience abnormal vaginal bleeding. This may manifest as changes in menstrual patterns, bleeding between periods or bleeding after menopause. It’s important to note that bleeding after menopause is never normal. If you experience this symptom, it’s essential to consult your doctor right away.
Other symptoms may include:
- Pelvic pain, pressure or lump
- Pain or difficulty during urination
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Changes in bowel movements or bladder habits
Early detection is important, so be sure to speak with your doctor if you are experiencing any new, unexplained, or changing symptoms. Although having symptoms does not mean you have endometrial cancer, your doctor can help address your concerns and check for those other possible conditions as well as for endometrial cancer.
Learn more about symptoms of endometrial cancer.
